This study examines the effect of border fencing of the world’s most dangerous border on Durand line and conducts a pre and post analysis of reduction in terrorism in Pakistan and Afghanistan post the global war on terrorism. The research is based on analyzing the decrease in terrorist attacks due to border management of cross-border terrorist infiltration post border fencing. The research aims to understand does fencing borders reduce terrorism and is fencing an effective measure to combat terrorism by analyzing the case study of the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. To assess the impact of border fencing on the Pak-Afghan border on decrease in terrorist incidents in Pakistan, this study adopted the Simple Linear Regression Model and Poisson Regression Model. The null hypothesis stated that border fencing did not reduce terrorism whereas the alternative hypothesis claimed that border fencing did reduce terrorism in the post border fencing time period from 2015-2018. The study reveals significant relationship between border fencing and reduction in terrorism incidents. The regression results suggest that reduction in the terrorism is statistically significant and border fencing did cause a substantial reduction in terrorist attacks and concludes that border fencing is an effective mean of combating terrorism as in the case of Pak-Afghan border. 

Campus violence and rising trends of extremism in Pakistani society is an alarming problem. The violent behavior of youth on campus is viewed as a product of socio-political, economic and cultural structure of the state. The purpose of this research is to analyze the root cause of violence and extremism on campus in the view of academia and it also studies the causal impact of imposition of legal punishments in deterring future crime in the case of Pakistani society. Descriptive design has been used and semi structured interviews were conducted from the political science, sociology and criminology academic experts working in leading universities in Pakistan to identify the major factors behind increase in extremism among university students. Secondary data was collected from books, journals and articles. Through analyzing deterrence as a theory of punishment and social control theory and applying Nested model for conflict analysis, it was concluded that incidents of campus violence is not only a social disorder faced on campus but a threat to national interest of the state. Based on the data collected the peace building approach has been analyzed and it has been recommended that the government, criminal justice system and civil society need to adopt a sensitive policy towards the problems of campus violence and extremism and if cured can represent the soft image of Pakistan on global forums. 

The existing literature is indicative of the fact that violence has been rooted in the mass media like never before and with the growing advancement technological advancement children and adolescents spend considerable amount of time exposed to such violence through various sources of media. In order to address this growing concern, this study analyses the impact of media violence exposure on the development of aggressive feelings, thoughts and behavior in children and youth. The content analysis of TV shows, movies and video games as most commonly used sources of media have been analyzed along with the studies that show rapid increase in violent behavior after being exposed to virtual violence. It also explores the neurophysiological perspectives by analyzing the consequences of exposure to violent media on adolescents' brain through neuroimaging. Although limited research has been conducted in this field, but the empirical evidence demonstrates an alteration in the prefrontal mechanisms after exposure to violent media, that are responsible for controlling emotion and behavior leading to aggression. Based on the current longitudinal research, it is also observed that excessive exposure to media violence makes the youth less emotional and desensitized towards real life violence which ultimately leads to aggressive behavior and have negative long-term effects on the brain. Future research should integrate other risk factors and research paradigms in order to have a more comprehensive picture with continuous development in next generations' media technology and changing horizons of violence.